数据库用sysdba登录的验证有两种方式，一种是通过os认证，一种是通过密码文件验证;登录方式有两种，一种是在数据库主机直接登录(用os认证的方式)，一种是通过网络远程登录;需要设置的参数有两个，一个是SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES，一个是REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE。
最近的时间，在搞数据库的安全加固问题，关于数据库中关于sysdba权限的登录，通过最近的一些实践和测试，在这里记录一下：
数据库用sysdba登录的验证有两种方式，一种是通过os认证，一种是通过密码文件验证;登录方式有两种，一种是在数据库主机直接登录(用os认证的方式)，一种是通过网络远程登录;需要设置的参数有两个，一个是SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES，一个是REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE。
os认证：如果启用了os认证，以sysdba登录，那么我们只要用oracle软件的安装用户就能登录：sqlplus “/ as sysdba”。如果我们要禁用os认证，只利用密码文件登录，我们首先要有一个密码文件：
D:\oracle\ora92\database>orapwd file=PWDoralocal.ora password=mypassword entries=10; D:\oracle\ora92\database> |
然后我们要把$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora中设置：
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= none |
注意一下，密码文件只在数据库启动的时候加载进去，一旦加载进去，密码文件就脱离了oracle管理，所以我们用orapwd新建密码文件后，里面指定的密码要在数据重启后才能生效：
D:\oracle\ora92\database>sqlplus "sys/mypassword as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 16 21:59:42 2008 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges Enter user-name: ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied Enter user-name: ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus ### 这里我们通过改SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)用os认证登录数据库： sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes Fixed Size 453492 bytes Variable Size 109051904 bytes Database Buffers 25165824 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> exit Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production D:\oracle\ora92\database> D:\oracle\ora92\database> D:\oracle\ora92\database> ### 我们把SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)改回去。 D:\oracle\ora92\database>sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 16 22:03:59 2008 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges Enter user-name: ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied Enter user-name: ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus D:\oracle\ora92\database> D:\oracle\ora92\database> D:\oracle\ora92\database> D:\oracle\ora92\database>sqlplus "sys/mypassword as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 16 22:04:07 2008 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production sys@ORALOCAL(192.168.50.29)> exit |
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