ORACLE中日期和时间汇总(转载)
在oracle中处理日期大全
TO_DATE格式
Day:
dd number 12
dy abbreviated fri
day spelled out friday
ddspth spelled out, ordinal twelfth
Month:
mm number 03
mon abbreviated mar
month spelled out march
Year:
yy two digits 98
yyyy four digits 1998
24小时格式下时间范围为: 0:00:00 - 23:59:59....
12小时格式下时间范围为: 1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....
1.
日期和转换使用方法(to_date,to_char)
2.
select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp') from dual
显示Two Hundred Twenty-Two
3.
求某天是星期几
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;
星期
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;
monday
设置日期语言
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';
也可以这样
TO_DATE ('2002-08-26', 'YYYY-mm-dd', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')
4.
两个日期间天数
select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual;
5. 时间为null使用方法
select id, active_date from table1
UNION
select 1, TO_DATE(null) from dual;
注意要用TO_DATE(null)
6.
a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')
那么12月31号中午12点的后和12月1号12点的前是不包含在这个范围的内
所以当时间需要精确时候觉得to_char还是必要
7. 日期格式冲突问题
输入格式要看你安装ORACLE集类型, 比如: US7ASCII, date格式类型就是: '01-Jan-01'
alter system NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
alter session NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
或者在to_date中写
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual;
注意我这只是举了NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE当然还有很多
可查看
select * from nls_session_parameters
select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS
8.
select count(*)
from ( select rownum-1 rnum
from all_objects
where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002-
02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+1
)
where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+rnum-1, 'D' )
not
in ( '1', '7' )
查找2002-02-28至2002-02-01间除星期和 7天数
在前后分别DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME, 让后将结果相减(得到是1/100秒, 而不是毫秒).
9.
select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),
to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;
1
select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),
to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL;
1.03225806451613
10. Next_day使用方法
Next_day(date, day)
Monday-Sunday, for format code DAY
Mon-Sun, for format code DY
1-7, for format code D
11
select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') TIME from all_objects
注意:第条记录TIME 和最后行是样
可以建立个来处理这个问题
create or replace function sys_date date is
begin
sysdate;
end;
select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects;
12.
获得小时数
SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer
SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh') from dual;
SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH')
-------------------- ---------------------
2003-10-13 19:35:21 07
SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24') from dual;
SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24')
-------------------- -----------------------
2003-10-13 19:35:21 19
获取年月日和此类似
13.
年月日处理
select older_date,
er_date,
years,
months,
abs(
trunc(
er_date-
add_months( older_date,years*12+months )
)
) days
from ( select
trunc(months_between( er_date, older_date )/12) YEARS,
mod(trunc(months_between( er_date, older_date )),
12 ) MONTHS,
er_date,
older_date
from ( select hiredate older_date,
add_months(hiredate,rownum)+rownum er_date
from emp )
)
14.
处理月份天数不定办法
select to_char(add_months(last_day(sysdate) +1, -2), 'yyyymmdd'),last_day(sysdate) from dual
16.
找出今年天数
select add_months(trunc(sysdate,'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual
闰年处理思路方法
to_char( last_day( to_date('02' || :year,'mmyyyy') ), 'dd' )
如果是28就不是闰年
17.
yyyy和rrrr区别
'YYYY99 TO_C
------- ----
yyyy 99 0099
rrrr 99 1999
yyyy 01 0001
rrrr 01 2001
18.区别时区处理
select to_char( NEW_TIME( sysdate, 'GMT','EST'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') ,sysdate
from dual;
19.
5秒钟个间隔
Select TO_DATE(FLOOR(TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')/300) * 300,'SSSSS') ,TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')
from dual
2002-11-1 9:55:00 35786
SSSSS表示5位秒数
20.
年第几天
select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD'),sysdate from dual
310 2002-11-6 10:03:51
21.计算小时,分,秒,毫秒
select
Days,
A,
TRUNC(A*24) Hours,
TRUNC(A*24*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24)) Minutes,
TRUNC(A*24*60*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24*60)) Seconds,
TRUNC(A*24*60*60*100 - 100*TRUNC(A*24*60*60)) mSeconds
from
(
select
trunc(sysdate) Days,
sysdate - trunc(sysdate) A
from dual
)
select * from tabname
order by decode(mode,'FIFO',1,-1)*to_char(rq,'yyyymmddhh24miss');
//
floor((date2-date1) /365) 作为年
floor((date2-date1, 365) /30) 作为月
mod(mod(date2-date1, 365), 30)作为日.
23.next_day
next_day(sysdate,6)是从当前开始下个星期 5后面数字是从星期日开始算起
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
日 2 3 4 5 6

oracle中有很多有关日期
在oracle中有很多有关日期如:
1、add_months用于从个日期值增加或减少些月份
date_value:=add_months(date_value,number_of_months)
例:
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,12) "Next Year" from dual;
Next Year
----------
13-11月-04
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,112) "Last Year" from dual;
Last Year
----------
13-3月 -13
SQL>
2、current_date返回当前会放时区中当前日期
date_value:=current_date
SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_date from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_DA
--------------- ----------
+08:00 13-11月-03
SQL> alter session time_zone='-11:00'
2 /
会话已更改
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
-11:00 12-11月-03 04.59.13.668000 下午 -11:
00
SQL>
3、current_timestamp以timestamp with time zone数据类型返回当前会放时区中当前日期
timestamp_with_time_zone_value:=current_timestamp([timestamp_precision])
SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15
SQL> column current_timestamp format a36
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
+08:00 13-11月-03 11.56.28.160000 上午 +08:
00
SQL> alter session time_zone='-11:00'
2 /
会话已更改
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual;
SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
--------------- ------------------------------------
-11:00 12-11月-03 04.58.00.243000 下午 -11:
00
SQL>
4、dbtimezone返回时区
varchar_value:=dbtimezone
SQL> select dbtimezone from dual;
DBTIME
------
-07:00
SQL>
5、extract找出日期或间隔值字段值
date_value:=extract(date_field from [datetime_value|erval_value])
SQL> select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month" from dual;
This Month
----------
11
SQL> select extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) "3 Years Out" from dual;
3 Years Out
-----------
2006
SQL>
6、last_day返回包含了日期参数月份最后天日期
date_value:=last_day(date_value)
SQL> select last_day(date'2000-02-01') "Leap Yr?" from dual;
Leap Yr?
----------
29-2月 -00
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) "Last day of this month" from dual;
Last day o
----------
30-11月-03
SQL>
7、localtimestamp返回会话中日期和时间
timestamp_value:=localtimestamp
SQL> column localtimestamp format a28
SQL> select localtimestamp from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP
----------------------------
13-11月-03 12.09.15.433000
下午
SQL> select localtimestamp,current_timestamp from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------- ------------------------------------
13-11月-03 12.09.31.006000 13-11月-03 12.09.31.006000 下午 +08:
下午 00
SQL> alter session time_zone='-11:00';
会话已更改
SQL> select localtimestamp,to_char(sysdate,'DD-MM-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM') "SYSDATE" from dual;
LOCALTIMESTAMP SYSDATE
---------------------------- ------------------------
12-11月-03 05.11.31.259000 13-11-2003 12:11:31 下午
下午
SQL>
8、months_between判断两个日期的间月份数量
number_value:=months_between(date_value,date_value)
SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'1971-05-18') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'1971-05-18')
----------------------------------------
389.855143
SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'2001-01-01') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'2001-01-01')
----------------------------------------
34.4035409
SQL>
9、next_day给定个日期值返回由第 2个参数指出日子第次出现在日期值(应返回相应日子名称串)

和周相关日期
1.查询某周第天
select trunc(decode(ww, 53, to_date(yy || '3112', 'yyyyddmm'), to_date(yy || '-' || to_char(ww * 7), 'yyyy-ddd')), 'd') last_day
from (select substr('2004-32', 1, 4) yy, to_number(substr('2004-32', 6)) ww
from dual)
select trunc(to_date(substr('2003-01',1,5)||to_char((to_number(substr('2003-01',6)))*7),'yyyy-ddd'),'d')-6 first_day from dual
select min(v_date) from
(select (to_date('200201','yyyymm') + rownum) v_date
from all_tables
where rownum < 370)
where to_char(v_date,'yyyy-iw') = '2002-49'
2.查询某周最后天
select trunc(decode(ww, 53, to_date(yy || '3112', 'yyyyddmm'), to_date(yy || '-' || to_char(ww * 7), 'yyyy-ddd')), 'd') - 6 first_day
from (select substr('2004-33', 1, 4) yy, to_number(substr('2004-33', 6)) ww
from dual)

select trunc(to_date(substr('2003-01',1,5)||to_char((to_number(substr('2003-01',6)))*7),'yyyy-ddd'),'d') last_day from dual
select max(v_date) from
(select (to_date('200408','yyyymm') + rownum) v_date
from all_tables
where rownum < 370)
where to_char(v_date,'yyyy-iw') = '2004-33'
3.查询某周日期
select min_date, to_char(min_date,'day') day from
(select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)||'001'+rownum-1,'yyyyddd') min_date
from all_tables
where rownum <= decode(mod(to_number(substr('2004-33',1,4)),4),0,366,365)
union
select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)-1||
decode(mod(to_number(substr('2004-33',1,4))-1,4),0,359,358)+rownum,'yyyyddd') min_date
from all_tables
where rownum <= 7
union
select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)+1||'001'+rownum-1,'yyyyddd') min_date
from all_tables
where rownum <= 7
)
where to_char(min_date,'yyyy-iw') ='2004-33'

oracle中时间运算
论坛中常常看到有对oracle中时间运算提问问题今天有时间看了看以前各位兄弟贴子整理了下并作了个举例希望会对大家有帮助
首先感谢ern、eric.li及各版主还有热心兄弟们
内容如下:
1、oracle支持对日期进行运算
2、日期运算时是以天为单位进行
3、当需要以分秒等更小单位算值时按时间进制进行转换即可
4、进行时间进制转换时注意加括号(见举例中红色括号)否则会出问题
SQL> alter session nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss';
会话已更改
SQL> serverout on
SQL> declare
2 DateValue date;
3 begin
4 select sysdate o DateValue from dual;
5 dbms_output.put_line('源时间:'||to_char(DateValue));
6 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天:'||to_char(DateValue-1));
7 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天1小时:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24));
8 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天1小时1分:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24-1/(24*60)));
9 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天1小时1分1秒:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24-1/(24*60)-1/(24*60*6
0)));
10 end;
11 /
源时间:2003-12-29 11:53:41
源时间减1天:2003-12-28 11:53:41
源时间减1天1小时:2003-12-28 10:53:41
源时间减1天1小时1分:2003-12-28 10:52:41
源时间减1天1小时1分1秒:2003-12-28 10:52:40
PL/SQL 迍